1882 China Map

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/

This post has multiple parts. Please scroll down to read the rest.


===========================================================================

下面的标语：胡锦涛保卫自己的祖国，墨克尔呢？

http://www.dolc.de/forum/attachments/20080408_1660f1254bd54568828eyYOXjMWMbk
c9.jpg
http://www.dolc.de/forum/attachments/20080408_b324b475928e472456cdOKsV5Yyuni
yH.jpg
http://www.dolc.de/forum/attachments/20080408_0339db2d2ae36389bde1SbrBUQBuIP
SQ.jpg

关于4.19 抗议。重要！！！！！

各位兄弟姐妹大家好，
我是德累斯顿的一名普通学生，今天中午偶然间在 Gerokstrasse 的邮局门口看到竟然
有几个德国人在宣传西藏真相。 让我极其感动， 他们把达赖喇嘛的头像换成狗头 并
且和希特勒的头像放在一起 ，并把他们称英帝国发动"欧亚战争" 的玩偶。 看到他们
，真的是让我觉得很振奋，德国还是有没被洗脑的人存在！！ 所以，我把他们在德国
各地的联系方法记了下来，希望大家能够主动和他们联系，打电话 或者写email都行，
争取让他们能派代表来参加我们的抗议活动， 哪怕只来一个人也是我们的胜利！！！
在这种时候我们必须要争取德国人的帮助！！

他们的官网是www.bueso.de
Email : info@bueso.de

=========================================================================

标 题: excerpt from discussion about Tibet on PBS by M.A.Jones - An Austral
ian teacher

http://discussions.pbs.org/viewtopic.pbs?t=68073&sid=ce0b20590dd445725153c83
b5ef21c7f

http://discussions.pbs.org/viewtopic.pbs?t=68073&postdays=0&postorder=asc&topic_view=&start=30

=====================================================================


发信人: mpthree (fun), 信区: Military
标 题: Violence in Tibet is Unacceptable
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Apr 6 18:22:11 2008)

http://www.stanfordreview.org/Archive/Volume_XL/Issue_6/World/world1.shtml
Violence in Tibet is Unacceptable

============================================================================
发信人: dour (dou\'r), 信区: Military
标 题: 有文化的西方人的西藏comments
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Tue Mar 25 11:04:30 2008)


http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10875823&mode=comment

Euphonium wrote:
March 24, 2008 10:58
A side note from my experience and observation, not directly related to
Tibet:

Over the tens (if not hundreds) of years of propaganda Chinese people have
gone through, they have developed very trained eyes to immediately filter
out the propaganda part and get the truth part of every official report (I'm
not sure they have developed the same skills against western media though).
Propaganda actually doesn't work for Chinese now. Believe it or not,
neither does the government expect it to work. It becomes more a ritual, or
the "Chinese way to say things" if you will. If the Chinese government
suddenly speaks without propaganda, most Chinese people will get confused
and wonder what's really going on. Hilarious it may sound, but that is the
status quo. Nobody knows better than Chinese that "the truth is always
somewhere in between".

Speaking of westerners, or particularly Americans, most people did not have
the "privilege" to get so much training about propaganda, and the result is
a rather naive attitude towards media reports: either it's complete truth,
or it's complete propaganda. In that sense, they don't have any immune
system against skilled propaganda, a good portion of which is from the
western media (which to Chinese eyes aren't skilled at all). I found it
amusing how the two American young people in the TV documentary got so
completely converted to pro-China in a 10-day trip to Tibet. You can't
convert a Chinese that easily, no matter which direction it goes. On a side
note, what was shown in the documentary is basically consistent with what I
saw in Tibet when I was there, I make no further generalization though.



Think to Exist wrote:
March 23, 2008 22:10
To support my previous commentary. Here are some historical facts about
Tibet, all from westerners. Read yourself.

"In the Dalai Lama's Tibet, torture and mutilation -- including eye gouging,
the pulling out of tongues, hamstringing, and amputation of arms and legs -
- were favored punishments inflicted upon thieves, runaway serfs, and other
"criminals."

Journeying through Tibet in the 1960s, Stuart and Roma Gelder interviewed a
former serf, Tsereh Wang Tuei, who had stolen two sheep belonging to a
monastery. For this he had both his eyes gouged out and his hand mutilated
beyond use. He explains that he no longer is a Buddhist: "When a holy lama
told them to blind me I thought there was no good in religion." (19)

Some Western visitors to Old Tibet remarked on the number of amputees to be
seen. Since it was against Buddhist teachings to take human life, some
offenders were severely lashed and then "left to God" in the freezing night
to die. "The parallels between Tibet and medieval Europe are striking,"
concludes Tom Grunfeld in his book on Tibet. (20)

Some monasteries had their own private prisons, reports Anna Louise Strong.
In 1959, she visited an exhibition of torture equipment that had been used
by the Tibetan overlords. There were handcuffs of all sizes, including small
ones for children, and instruments for cutting off noses and ears, and
breaking off hands.

Theocratic despotism had been the rule for generations. An English visitor
to Tibet in 1895, Dr. A. L. Waddell, wrote that the Tibetan people were
under the "intolerable tyranny of monks" and the devil superstitions they
had fashioned to terrorize the people. In 1904 Perceval Landon described the
Dalai Lama's rule as "an engine of oppression" and "a barrier to all human
improvement."

At about that time, another English traveler, Captain W.F.T. O'Connor,
observed that "the great landowners and the priests . . . exercise each in
their own dominion a despotic power from which there is no appeal," while
the people are "oppressed by the most monstrous growth of monasticism and
priest-craft the world has ever seen." Tibetan rulers, like those of Europe
during the Middle Ages, "forged innumerable weapons of servitude, invented
degrading legends and stimulated a spirit of superstition" among the common
people. (23)

In 1937, another visitor, Spencer Chapman, wrote, "The Lamaist monk does not
spend his time in ministering to the people or educating them, nor do
laymen take part in or even attend the monastery services. The beggar beside
the road is nothing to the monk. Knowledge is the jealously guarded
prerogative of the monasteries and is used to increase their influence and
wealth." (24)

More on:
http://www.swans.com/library/art9/mparen01.html#019

Recommend (23)Report Abuse

Think to Exist wrote:
March 23, 2008 21:05
Is there anyone here have read the history of Tibet before 1950? Anyone?

I happened to read couples of books written by historians from Britain.

The history before 1950 is relevant to answer the question: what will happen
if one day, Tibet gets its independence? Will they live happily thereafter(
as most Dalia supporters assume)? The world will be better off?

There is a close modern parallel: The Afghanistan under the Taliban regime.
Is that a kind of regime you guys are looking forward to?

Before 1959, Tibet was under the Lamaist (Buddhist) theocracy. Just like
most theocracies in history, it was a very cruel and inhumane form of
governing. Most Tibentans were under the slavery by the monks. It was a
slavery, agreed by most western historians.

I don't like either side of this debate. But speak of the facts, before 1959
, human rights situation was a lot worse. Many offenses were punished by
cutting arms and legs or taking out eyes, literally. Read the history
yourself. One of the books I read was published by Cambridge University.

I haven't heard about Dalai Lama denounced the Lamaist (Buddhist) theocracy.
I hope he has the ability to deliver a modern democracy.

I don't like either side but couldn't help correcting some misconceptions.

Read history. Please.




----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

http://www.antiwar.com/justin/?articleid=12585

Why They Hate China
Well, you have to hate someone…
by Justin Raimondo

China's continuing crackdown on Tibetan pro-independence protesters is a big
, big issue here in San Francisco. Why, just the other day, I was coming out
my front door, and there was one of my neighbors – a very nice woman in
her fifties, albeit an archetypal limousine liberal, typical of the breed.
So typical that she might almost be mistaken for a living, breathing,
walking, talking cliché. She hates George W. Bush and the neocons because
she's against the (Iraq) war, but she's eager to "liberate" Darfur – and,
lately, Tibet. That morning, as she earnestly informed me, she was on her
way to a meeting of the Board of Supervisors (our town council) to exhort
them to vote for a resolution condemning the Chinese government's actions
and calling for "freedom" for Tibet. What she doesn't realize, and doesn't
want to know, is that she and the neocons – the very ones who brought us
the Iraq war – are united on the Tibet issue. I tried, in vain, to point
this out to her, but she just shook her head, cut the conversation short,
and was on her way…

As it turned out, the supervisors voted for a meaningless, toothless
resolution, stripped of provocative rhetoric, much to the dismay of the far-
lefties who argued for a stronger statement. The initiative for this effort
was made by supervisor Chris Daly, an obnoxious left-liberal with delusions
of grandeur, whose pose of self-righteousness is both grating and
characteristic of his sort.

Prior to the vote on the Daly resolution, which was vociferously supported
by the supposedly pacifistic supporters of the Dalai Lama, the Chinese
consulate was… firebombed. This is what the War Party would like to do to
China.

Fortunately, there are a number of restraining factors that get in the way:
in the meantime, however, our preening politicians demagogue the China issue
, and none so brazenly as Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, my
congressional representative, who is merely Chris Daly writ large. Traveling
all the way to India, at taxpayers' expense, Madam Speaker visited with the
Dalai Lama at Dharamsala and announced that if Americans don't speak out
against Beijing's repression in Tibet "we have lost all moral authority to
speak on behalf of human rights anywhere in the world."

Pelosi is a longtime opponent of Beijing – not just the Chinese government,
but China itself. Pelosi and the unions she depends on for political
support despise all things Chinese for the simple reason that China, today,
is more capitalist than the U.S. – in spite of the Chinese Communist Party'
s ostensible commitment to Marxist ideology. Thinly veiled racist-chauvinist
bilge is routinely directed at the Chinese people by union bosses and right
-wing paleo-protectionists, who stupidly claim that the "chinks" (or, as
John McCain would put it, the "gooks") are stealing "American jobs" – as if
Americans have a hereditary right to the very best salaries on earth, a "
right" that doesn't have to be earned by competitive business practices but
is conferred on them by virtue of their nationality. Like hell it is.

Lucrative trade and cultural exchanges between China and California, as well
as the fact that many Chinese in her congressional district have continuing
ties to the mainland, have – so far – failed to deter Pelosi and her
fellow Know-Nothings: politics, as they used to say during the Cultural
Revolution in China, is in command.

These Sinophobic protests, engineered behind the scenes by leftist union
bosses and God knows who else, are focused on the passing of the Olympic
torch, which is slowly but surely making its way to Beijing, where the games
are scheduled to be held Aug. 8-24. Here in the Bay Area, activists in the
"Free Darfur" movement announced they were mounting demonstrations urging
China to "extinguish the flames of genocide" in Darfur in San Francisco on
April 9, the day the flame passes through the city.


Pre-Order this Book


The hosting of the Olympic Games in Beijing is the focus of much pride in
China, seen by the people as well as the ruling caste as symbolic of the
nation's arrival in modernity. As such, the worldwide protests and political
posturing of preening politicians – from Pelosi to Nicolas Sarkozy – are
bitterly resented and have been met with increasingly shrill denunciations
by the Chinese state-controlled media – a sentiment that probably
understates popular resentment of Western criticism in the Chinese "street."

I know we are supposed to believe that the vast majority of the Chinese
people are groaning under the weight of Commie oppression and sympathize (
albeit silently) with the downtrodden Tibetans, but that is hardly the case.
Indeed, the exact opposite is closer to the truth. Every time the West gets
up on its high horse and lectures the Chinese government about its lack of
"morality," the tide of anti-Western Chinese nationalism rises higher.

We saw this when the U.S. "accidentally" bombed the Chinese embassy in
Belgrade during Clinton's Balkan War of Aggression, and again when that
American spy plane went down over Hainan island. In Beijing today, they are
worried about the upcoming Olympic celebration, which will provide a
platform for a wide variety of groups – including ultra-nationalist Chinese
students, whose street antics have augured internal regime change in the
past, and could do so again. "They are worried about a larger number of
things and they are worried about keeping the lid on," according to Arnold
Howitt, a management specialist who oversees crisis-management training
programs for Chinese government officials at Harvard University's Kennedy
School of Government. The same Associated Press article cites an unnamed "
consultant" to the Games, who avers:

"'Demonstrations of all kinds are a concern, including anti-American
demonstrations,' said the consultant, who works for Beijing's Olympic
organizers and asked not to be identified because he was not authorized to
talk to the media."

Any indications that Beijing is compromising Chinese pride and honor by
appeasing the West are likely to be met by demonstrations that are both anti
-American and anti-government – initiated, once again, by Chinese students,
who have often been the agents of political transformation. Remember the
Red Guards? Mao used them to initiate his own "Cultural Revolution," but was
forced to rein them in when they started talking about overthrowing the
Chinese state.

The memory of that dark and chaotic era haunts China's contemporary rulers,
threatening to spoil their dream of a thoroughly modernized industrial
powerhouse that is both the forge and the financial capital of the world
economy. The Beijing Olympics represent the entry of China onto the world
stage as a first-class power, right up there with its former adversaries:
the U.S., Europe, and the former Soviet Union. A Chinese nationalist cannot
be faulted for seeing the organized campaign to spoil that debut as a
deliberate – and unforgivable – insult.

Viewed from this perspective – the perspective, that is, of the average
citizen of China – the very idea of Tibetan independence might easily be
seen as a rather obvious attempt to humiliate Beijing and remind it of its "
proper" (i.e., subordinate) place in the global scheme of things.

After all, what if Chinese government leaders constantly reminded the world
that the American Southwest was stolen from Mexico? Imagine the Chinese and
Mexican ambassadors to the U.S. demanding independence, for, say, California
– or better yet, its return to Mexican sovereignty! Shall the Olympics be
forever barred from Puerto Rico, which was forcibly incorporated into the U.
S. "commonwealth" in the invasion of 1898?

Of course not. Yet the Americans and their international amen corner are
daring to criticize China for preserving its own unity and sovereignty. It's
a double standard made all the more insufferable by the self-righteous tone
of the anti-China chorus, whose meistersingers are mainly concerned with
celebrating their own moral purity.

Yes, Tibet was forcibly incorporated into the Communist empire of the Han,
but this was just an episode in the long history of Sino-Tibetan relations
– for the greater part of which the Tibetans held the upper hand. The
Tibetan empire, at its height, extended from northern India to the Mongolian
hinterlands and came at the expense of the conquered Chinese and Uighurs.
It fell apart due to a ruinous civil war. A key factor in this complex
narrative is that Mongol hegemony over China was greatly aided by the
Tibetans, whose conversion of the Mongol nobility to Buddhism legitimized
Mongol rule. Today, pro-Beijing historians point to this period as proof
that Tibet has "always" been a part of China proper, yet the truth is that
both were slaves to the Mongols – the Tibetans as their collaborators, the
Chinese as their helots. (Underscoring Mongol contempt for their Chinese
subjects was an edict forbidding intermarriage between Mongol and Chinese,
although no such barrier to Mongol-Tibetan congress was imposed.) With
Buddhism as the state religion, Tibetan priests, including the Dalai Lama,
became the avatars of Mongol rule.

In short, the popular narrative of the pacifistic Buddhist Tibetans as the
good guys and the Han Chinese as the bad-guy aggressors is the stuff of pure
myth, pushed by union propagandists, lefty Hollywood do-gooders, and trendy
sandal-wearing Western camp followers of the Dalai Lama, who has become a
secularized yet "spiritual" substitute for Mother Theresa.

If the Chinese are wrong to hold on to their province of Tibet, then Lincoln
was wrong to insist that the South stay in the Union – and we ought to
immediately either grant the American Southwest (and California)
independence, or else give it all back to the Mexicans.

The same goes for Taiwan – China's rulers are no more likely to give up
their claim to that island than Lincoln was inclined to let the Confederacy
hold on in, say, Key West, Fla.

China is an adolescent giant: clumsy, unused to exerting its will beyond its
borders, and wracked by self-doubt. Emerging into the company of world
powers, it is thin-skinned – like any adolescent – and prone to wild mood
gyrations. During the 1960s and '70s, the Chinese were in a distinctly bad
mood as they wrestled with the ghosts and demons unleashed by Mao. The
triumph of the "modernizers" over the ultra-left Maoists in the 1980s
signaled a new mood of optimism and inaugurated an era of unrivaled economic
growth. The regime sanctified China's journey down the "capitalist road" by
citing the reformer Deng Tsiao-ping's most famous "Communist" slogan: "To
get rich is glorious!" Ayn Rand meets Chairman Mao (or, rather, Confucius)
– and the result is capitalism-on-steroids.

That's why, in spite of the sclerotic Marxoid ideology that still reins in
and retards the natural entrepreneurial spirit of the Chinese people, China
is moving forward by leaps and bounds. That's also why comrade Pelosi and
her union boss buddies have launched this odious Sinophobic hate campaign –
because "their" jobs and sense of entitlement are going up in smoke. For
decades, the U.S. government has preached the virtues of free enterprise and
urged formerly Communist nations to adopt the free market – and now that
the Chinese have taken them up on their offer, Western politicians are
attacking them!

The closer China has moved toward our own system – relaxing totalitarian
controls over the economy and allowing a far greater degree of ideological
diversity than was possible during the Maoist era – the more hostile the U.
S. government has become. Nixon went to China at the height of the Cultural
Revolution, where he sat next to Madam Mao during a command performance of
The Red Detachment of Women. These days, however, as China stakes its claim
to a proportionate share of the world market – and Chinese investors fund
the U.S. debt – the resentment and growing hostility of the Americans is
all too palpable.

Why do politicians of Pelosi's ilk join hands with neoconservatives in a
concerted campaign to antagonize China, and even threaten sanctions and
possible military action when the occasion gives rise to the opportunity?

To begin with, China's is a success story, and there's nothing that attracts
opprobrium like success, unless it's success of the wrong color – in this
case, yellow. A crude racist collectivism of a specifically anti-Asian
character has long been a tradition of the War Party in this country: see
the anti-Japanese Dr. Seuss cartoons from the World War II era for a
particularly vivid example. Yes, he was attacking the "Japs," but to
Americans, it's all the same Yellow Peril. This kind of sentiment is easily
invoked in America, and don't tell me Pelosi and her ideological confreres
aren't aware of it – yes, even in "liberal" San Francisco, where anti-Asian
sentiment is part of the city's history.

Never mind the first black president, or the first female president – what
I'm waiting for is the first chief executive of Asian-American descent. I'm
not, however, holding my breath…

Relations with China are cloudy, at best, and those may very well be war
clouds gathering on the horizon. The reason is that Sinophobia is a point of
unity between the Left and the Right: the union of the Weekly Standard and
the AFL-CIO, and perhaps even the majority of my paleoconservative friends,
who quail before the rising Chinese giant and see it as a potential threat
on account of its sheer scale – a third of the world's population, and a
land-mass that rivals our own. Surely such a stirring titan will knock us
out of the way as he takes his place at the center of the world stage.

This reflects a fundamental error on the part of many conservatives, as well
as liberals of the more statist persuasion. They fail to understand that
there are no conflicts of interest among nations as long as their relations
are governed by the market, that is by mutually beneficial trade agreements
voluntarily entered into. Ludwig von Mises said it far better than I could
ever manage, and I'll leave my readers to Mises' ministrations on this
abstruse but important subject.

Suffice to say here that our relations with China on the economic front are
a benefit to American consumers – that is, to all of us. They enable us to
buy inexpensive quality products and keep the cost of living down.
Protectionists who argue that "they" are "destroying American jobs" are
simply arguing for higher prices – ordinarily not a very popular cause, and
especially not these days.

Free trade is the economic precondition for a peaceful world and the logical
corollary of a non-interventionist foreign policy. If goods don't cross
borders, then armies soon will – a historical truism noted by many before
me, and with good reason. Let it be a warning to all those anti-free trade,
antiwar types of the Right as well as the Left – you'll soon be jumping on
the War Party's bandwagon when it comes China's turn to play the role of
global bogeyman. The way things are going, that day may come soon enough.

Finally, a word or two about this nonsensical demand, raised by the "Save
Darfur" crowd, that China must somehow "extinguish the flames of genocide"
supposedly carried out by the government of Sudan. What does China have to
do with Sudan and its government? Well, you see, the Chinese have oil
interests in the region, that is, they are engaged in competition with
Western oil companies in opening up new fields – and, well, that just isn't
permissible.

The Chinese, we are told, have a moral responsibility to either pressure the
Sudanese to let up on Darfur, or else abandon their Sudanese assets. As if
Sudan were a Chinese colony, and the Sudanese authorities mere sock-puppets
of Beijing.

A more arrogant and self-serving argument would be hard to imagine.
Presumably Western interests will fill the vacuum left by this spontaneous
display of Chinese moral rectitude – and that alone should tell us
everything we need to know about what's behind the "Save Darfur" bloviators
and their high-horse moralizing.

If our professional do-gooders of the "progressive" persuasion are so
concerned about the fate of Darfur, let them campaign for the granting of
mass asylum to the survivors of this latest African catastrophe. Give them
sanctuary and green cards, but keep U.S. troops out of Africa, specifically
out of Darfur – and get off Beijing's back.

Like Russia, China is awakening from the long Leninist nightmare, albeit
less traumatically, and with greater prospects for full recovery. However,
it wouldn't take much to push it back into a revival of neo-Maoism – or
worse – and a new dark age triggered by an external threat. A resurgence of
Chinese ultra-nationalism in response to Western pressure – and the
specter of U.S.-sponsored separatism – does not augur well for the cause of
world peace. As is so often the case, we are creating the very enemies we
fear, empowering and arming them ideologically. We are, in this sense, our
own worst enemies.
~ Justin Raimondo